ABSTRACT
Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), as a major public health issue of high complexity, multifactorial causes and great socioeconomic and family impact, affects China now especially after COVID-19. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical and psychological characteristic in adolescent psychiatric patients with or without NSSI. Methods: : Adolescent psychiatric patients were recruited from psychiatric outpatient and inpatient unit in Guangdong mental Health Center between October and December 2020. NSSI was evaluated by the modified version of Adolescents Self-Harm Scale. Childhood trauma was assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF). Peer bullying experience was evaluated by The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire（BVQ-R). Depression was assessed by the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Clinical data were collected from electronic medical record system. Results: : The sample included 157 adolescent psychiatric patients (72.6% female), aged 13-18 years (M=15.39, SD=0.145). NSSI group experienced more peer bullying (t=4.08, P ＜0.001), more likely to get into romantic relationship currently(χ2=5.38, P =0.02), more times of hospitalization (t=0.36, P <0.001), receiving more antipsychotic treatment (t=3.58, P <0.001), benzodiazepine treatment (t=3.46, P ＜0.001), and mood-stabilizer treatment (χ2 =8.53, P <0.001). The significant predictor of NSSI for the last one year included being in romantic relationship currently (OR =4.27, 95% CI=[1.53,11.93]), outpatient (OR=0.38, 95%CI=[0.16,0.88]), BVQ-R total (OR=1.10, 95% CI=[1.02,1.18])，MARDS total (OR= 1.05, 95% CI=[1.01,1.09]), and benzodiazepine PDD/DDD (OR=5.79, 95% CI=[0.99,33.72]). Conclusions: : Adolescent psychiatric patients with NSSI have significantly higher incidences of life event such as peer bulling, childhood trauma experience, and they were more likely to get into a romantic relationship. Meanwhile, patients with NSSI had significantly severe level of depression, being more on benzodiazepine and mood-stabilizer use. This provides a valuable basis for our clinical treatment of adolescent mental patients with NSSI.
Subject(s)
Camurati-Engelmann Syndrome , Mental Disorders , Wounds and Injuries , Intellectual Disability , COVID-19ABSTRACT
PV-Trombe wall is a superior system because it realizes space heating and electricity generation. However, the application on thermal energy is single. Besides, the indoor air pollutions caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and bioaerosols formed by bacteria or virus (COVID-2019) have been more and more serious. Thus, a high-performance air-purification-sterilization type PV-Trombe wall that meets electricity, heating, formaldehyde and bacteria removal fully driven by solar energy is proposed. The thermal, electrical and purification performances with different PV coverages are analyzed based on the experimental and modelling works. Main results are: (1) With PV coverage of 0, the air thermal efficiency and formaldehyde single-pass ratio are 0.46 and 0.35, respectively. Five kinds of bacteria are fully thermal inactivated. (2) The PV coverage plays an important role on the electrical, thermal and purification performances. With optimal PV coverage, the thermal and electrical efficiencies are 0.328 and 0.136, respectively. The generated clean air by removing formaldehyde and bacteria are 85.1 and 157.1 m3, respectively. (3) The total air heat intake and output electricity in Xining, Hefei and Beijing are 1301.2, 376.2, 932.6 MJ, and 171.8, 57.4, 120.9 MJ, respectively. The saving fresh air thermal energy are 396.6, 87.5 and 198.3 MJ, respectively.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious infection caused by the new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The disease was first identified in December 2019 and has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. AIM: To explore the clinical characteristics and treatments for COVID-19 in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area in China. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the blood cell counts (neutrophils and lymphocytes), blood gas analysis, and thoracic computed tomography changes of patients from Qinghai Province before, during, and after treatment (January 23, 2020 to February 21, 2020). In addition, we summarized and analyzed the information of critical patients. All data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States). The quantitative and count variables are represented as the mean ± SD and n (%), respectively. RESULTS: The main symptoms and signs of patients with COVID-19 were fever, dry cough, cough with phlegm, difficulty breathing, and respiratory distress with a respiration rate ≥ 30 times/min, finger oxygen saturation ≤ 93% in the resting state, and oxygenation index less than 200 but greater than 100 (after altitude correction). Eighteen patients with COVID-19, of whom three were critical, and the others were in a mild condition, were included. The main manifestations included fever, dry cough, and fatigue. Three patients developed difficulty breathing and had a fever. They were eventually cured and discharged. Adjuvant examinations showed one case with reduced white cell count (6%) (< 4 × 109/L), six with reduced count of lymphocytes (33%) (< 0.8 × 109/L), and one with abnormal blood glucose level. All 18 patients were discharged, and no death occurred. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide critical insight into assessing the clinical diagnosis and treatment for COVID-19 in the Tibetan plateau area.
ABSTRACT
Trombe wall is a simple and mature passive solar building design while its utilization of solar energy is limited to space heating. Aerosol transmission, as a potential transmission pathway of COVID-19, poses a serious threat to the public health especially in a closed indoor environment. The thermal disinfection of virus, which can be easily integrated into solar systems, seems to be a suitable method for controlling bioaerosols. Therefore, a novel disinfected Trombe wall for virus inactivation and space heating is proposed, providing a potential way to fight the current COVID-19 pandemic. After the proposal of the concept, its performance on space heating and virus inactivation was investigated through experimental and simulation methods. The main results were as follows: (1) The average thermal efficiency was 0.457 and the average indoor temperature was 20.7 â, 1.9 â higher than the ambient temperature. (2) The maximum single-pass inactivation ratio was 0.893, 0.591 and 0.893 while the total production of clean air was 112.3, 63.8 and 114.7 m3 for SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, respectively. (3) The increase of ambient temperature or solar irradiance may enhance the thermal efficiency while the former has little effect on the thermal disinfection process. (4) Extending the height or narrowing the thickness of the duct by 40% may contribute to an increase in total production of clean air by 510 m3 or 681 m3 per unit area during the heating seasons, but the later may cause a larger decrease (about 8%) in the heat gain of indoor air.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Trombe wall is a widely used solar passive system, while up to now, the utilization on recovered heat is single and inefficient. Meanwhile, the indoor released volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the bioaerosols formed by bacteria or virus from air-conditioning system and other pollution sources flow into the indoor environment to cause human diseases. Therefore, a novel purification-cleaning Trombe wall based on the thermal sterilization and thermal catalytic principles was proposed, and the performances of space heating, formaldehyde degradation and thermal sterilization were investigated. Main results obtain follow: (1) The average daily air thermal efficiency was 0.46. (2) For formaldehyde inlet concentration of 600 ppb, the average formaldehyde single-pass ratio and total generated volume of clean air are 0.35 and 46.69 m3/(m2·day), respectively. (3) Five kinds of bacteria (E.coli, L.monocytogenes, L.plantarum, S.Senftenberg and S.cerevisiae) are fully thermal inactivated for several hours, the total generated volume of clean air are 94.01, 86.51, 100.70, 94.95, and 100.10 m3/(m2·day), respectively. (4) The purification-cleaning Trombe wall performs the excellent energy saving and purification performances in heating seasons. (5) The works could provide possible supports to the prevention and control of COVID-19.